Genesis of Indirect Confrontational Bipolarity in the Korean War

Authors

  • Roy Reis Friede Tribunal Regional Federal da 2ª Região (TRF da 2ª região) – Rio de Janeiro/RJ – Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22480/revunifa.2020.33.217

Keywords:

Korean War, Limited war, Indirect confrontational bipolarity, Reflex reverse asymmetry

Abstract

This article seeks to analyze the emergence of the phenomenon called Indirect Confrontational
Bipolarity (and Reflex Reverse Asymmetry), whose genesis occurred during the Korean War. To this
end, it starts by addressing the Chinese role and the despised Soviet role in the Korean conflict,
going through the North American retreat in the confrontation and the clash between US military
leaders at the time (President Harry Truman and General Douglas MacArthur), as well as through the
success of the strategy of using airpower against the numerical superiority of Chinese and North American ground troops, which ended up consolidating, in all its fullness, the new geopolitical and geostrategic
conception of “Limited War” and the Indirect Confrontational Bipolarity itself.

References

BARNOUIN, B. Zhou Enlai: A Political Life. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2006.

BOOSE, JR., D. W. Fighting While Talking: The Korean War Truce Talks, 2000.

CHAE, R. NKIDP e-Dossier Nº. 7: East German Documents on Kim Il Sung’s April 1975 Trip to Beijing. North Korea International Documentation Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 1975.

CHINESE Troops Enter North Korea. Disponível em: http://teachingamericanhistory.org/static/nch/ interactives/timeline/data/102550.html. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2017.

CROUCH, T. Asas. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2008.

CRS REPORT for Congress (CRS-3). American War and Military Operations Casualties, 2008.

FRIEDRICH, J. Yalu. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2011.

GONCHAROV, S. N.; LEWIS, J. W.; LITAI, X. Uncertains Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War. Redwood: Stanford University Press, 1993.

HALBERSTAM, D. The coldest winter: America and the Korean War. Nova Iorque: Hyperion, 2007.

ISBY, D. C. Fighter Combat in the jet age. Nova Iorque: Harper Collins, 1997.

JIAN, C. Mao’s China and the Cold War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

KIM, J.; LEE, J. North Korea Shells South in Fiercest Attack in Decades. Reuters. Disponível em: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-artillery/north-korea-shells-south-in-fiercest-attack-in-decades-idUSTRE6AM0YS20101123. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2010.

KISSINGER, H. Sobre a China. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Objetiva, 2011.

KOLB, R. In Korea we whipped the Russian Air Force. In: UFW Magazine: veterans of foreign wars. Washington DC, 1999.

THE KOREAN War: Years of Stalemate: Disponível em: http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/kw-stale/ stale.htm. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2017.

LACINA, B.; GLEDITSCH, N. P. Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths. European Journal of Population, n. 21, 2005.

MANCHESTER, W. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880-1964. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1978.

MCWILLIAMS, B. On Hallowed Ground: the last battle for Pork Chop Hill. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2004.

MOSSMAN, B. C. Ebb and Flow. November 1950 - July 1951. Washington DC: United States Army in the Korean War, Center of Military History. 1990.

NNSC in Korea. Swiss Armed Forces, International Command. Korea: Disponível em: http://www. forsvarsmakten.se/en/Forces-abroad/Korea. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2017.

NORTH KOREAN Torpedo sank South’s Navy Ship: Disponível em: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ news/10129703. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2017.

STEWART, R. W. The Korean War: The Chinese Intervention. Washington DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 2015.

STOKESBURY, J. L. A Short History of the Korean War. Nova Iorque: Harper Perennial, 1990.

VARGAS, A. O Conflito que Quase Deu Início à Terceira Guerra. Aeromagazine, São Paulo, 2012.

WERREL, K. Sabres over MIG Alley: The F-86 and the Battle for Air Superiority in Korea. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2005.

ZHANG, S. G. Mao’s Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950-1953. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995.

ZHIHUA, S. China and the Dispatch of the Soviet Air Force: The Formation of the Chinese-Soviet-Korean Alliance in the Early Stage of the Korean War. The Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 33, n. 2, 2010.

Published

2020-06-30

How to Cite

FRIEDE, R. R. Genesis of Indirect Confrontational Bipolarity in the Korean War . The Journal of the University of the Air Force , Rio de Janeiro, v. 33, n. 1, 2020. DOI: 10.22480/revunifa.2020.33.217. Disponível em: https://revistaeletronica.fab.mil.br/index.php/reunifa/article/view/217. Acesso em: 19 may. 2024.

Issue

Section

Review Articles